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Shark Attacks Long Island Lifeguard Who Repulsed Animal With His Bare Hands_我的网站

一 |     水是构成人体成分的重要物质并发挥着重要的生理作用，足量饮水是保障身体健康的基础，也能帮我们维持正常的身体活动和认知能力。近期，《美国国家科学院院刊》发布了一项惊人研究，揭示每升瓶装水中平均含有约24万个可检出的塑料微粒，并且，瓶装水在我们反复开关以及高温暴晒的条件下会使水中含有更多的微塑料。这些纳米级的塑料颗粒能够进入我们的肠道或肺部细胞，进而穿越血液，抵达心脏和大脑，甚至对孕妇而言，它们能穿越胎盘，进入胎儿体内。    During a training exercise in the ocean on Sunday, a lifeguard from Long Island, who was playing a victim, was attacked by a shark, the local media reported.,The lifeguard reportedly fought the animal off with his bare hands. During his scary encounter with the 4- to 5-foot-long (1.2-1.5 m) shark, Smith Point Beach lifeguard Zack Gallo was bit in the chest and right hand, Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone reportedly stated at a news conference.,"He was playing the role of a victim, and in the midst of that, actually became a victim when this shark bite occurred,” the official noted.,Bellone reportedly claimed that Gallo defeated the shark by "punching down" on it. According to the report, the lifeguard's hand injuries "occurred as he was beating off the shark," and after that interaction ended.",The lifeguard reportedly was "bleeding significantly" when other guards who were already in the water for the exercise raced to aid him, but the victim surprisingly managed to get out of the water unaided.,After being bandaged, the injured lifeguard was brought to a nearby hospital.,“Fortunately, he is doing well,’’ the official said. “He’s in very good spirits at Southside Hospital … getting some stitches.",The attack caused the beach to be closed. Later, the same shark may have been spotted by police using a drone to monitor the ocean, according to the report, but the authorities could not determine if it was the same shark or not.,Even more to the news about sharks getting dangerously close is that Cupsogue, a second beach east of Smith Point, was also reportedly closed on Sunday "due to dangerous marine activity.",On July 1, a 57-year-old swimmer in the area of Jones Beach in Nassau County experienced a "possible shark bite," the police said. This incident prompted the authorities to increase beach patrols ahead of Fourth of July.,Shark attacks on Long Island are "very rare," but recently they have reportedly become more frequent. More shark sightings have occurred in the last two years than in the prior ten years combined.,Two Women Killed in Shark Attack Off Egypt's Red Sea CoastYesterday, 13:00 GMT。　　那么，面对这样的污染，我们如何保障自己的饮水安全呢？把水烧开能否有效降低微塑料的含量呢？　　1.微塑料对人体有什么危害？　　微塑料是指直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，更小尺寸的还有微米、纳米级的微塑料，因此它也被统称为微纳塑料（MNPs）。

二 | 微塑料来源于生产和生活，如汽车轮胎与路面摩擦、化妆品成分、洗衣废水以及塑料垃圾在陆地和海洋漂流中碰撞、分解等，都会产生大量微塑料。　　随着研究的深入，目前微塑料的概念已经扩大到从纳米到毫米的范畴（1毫米等于1000微米；1微米等于1000纳米），而且是形状多样的非均匀塑料颗粒混合体，肉眼难以分辨。

三 | 微塑料对人体健康的潜在影响：包括可能诱发氧化应激、促进炎症、内分泌紊乱和代谢紊乱等，从而增加多种疾病发生风险。

四 | 　　2.把水烧开是一种简单有效降低微塑料含量的方法　　近期关于瓶装水中微塑料的研究结果令人震惊，这让我们不得不重新审视我们的饮水习惯。对于大多数家庭来说，把水烧开是一种简单且有效的杀菌方法。

五 | 　　关于微塑料，烧开水确实能在一定程度上降低其含量。当水被烧开时，微塑料颗粒会与水中的碳酸钙结合，形成沉淀物。通过简单的过滤，我们可以去除高达84%的微塑料。因此，把水烧开再喝，确实是一个降低微塑料摄入的有效方法。　　当水被加热至沸腾时，微塑料颗粒由于密度和大小的差异，会与水中的其他物质发生分离，一部分会沉淀到水底。因此，在烧开水之后，如果条件允许，我们可以使用过滤器或纱布进行简单的过滤，进一步减少水中的微塑料颗粒。

六 | 　　3.如何保证饮水安全？　　（1）选择质量好的瓶装水：购买瓶装水时，注意查看产品标签和认证信息，选择有质量保证的品牌。避免购买来源不明或价格过于低廉的瓶装水。　　（2）定期更换水壶和水杯：即使是高质量的水壶和水杯，长期使用也可能磨损，导致微塑料产生。

七 | 建议定期更换，保持清洁。　　（3）安装家用净水器：安装家用净水器可以有效去除水中的杂质和微塑料颗粒，提供更安全的饮用水。　　（4）使用不锈钢或玻璃材质水壶：烧水更安全，因为这些材质不易释放微塑料颗粒。　　所以，我们要尽量避免使用塑料水壶，尤其是在高温下，塑料中的化学物质可能会加速分解，增加微塑料的风险。减塑降碳。图源：卡乐图片（摄影/宁颖）　　4.减少微塑料摄入的生活小妙招　　科学家建议，由于微塑料主要通过饮食和器具进入人体，一些生活方式也有助于减少微塑料的摄入。　　（1）尽量减少选用预包装食品，特别是加工程度非常高的食品。每一个加工过程都可能会增加食品当中微塑料的含量，尽可能吃一些原型的食物，同时减少塑料容器包装的食品摄入。　　（2）平时不食用动物、鱼类的内脏。海洋本身就存在着微塑料的污染，鱼类以及海产品长期生活在这个环境中，所含的微塑料就会更高，经常食用海鲜或者深海鱼，摄入微塑料的含量也会增多。　　（3）减少外卖和快餐的摄入。外卖和快餐包装中常含有大量塑料，不仅可能产生微塑料，还可能含有其他有害物质。尽量自己做饭，既健康又环保。　　（4）不粘锅出现划痕后尽量不要再用。大多数不粘锅的不粘涂层通常是聚四氟乙烯，也就是特氟龙，属于一种合成塑料。当炊具表面和硬物之间有强烈磨损时，可能会形成微小的聚四氟乙烯颗粒，然后污染食物被人类摄食。

八 | 别用不粘锅烹调质地坚硬的食物，比如排骨，不使用尖锐的铲子，并定期更换新锅。　　（透视社综合中国青年报、北京日报、封面新闻、“科普中国”微信公众号报道）　　编辑：李煦、廖明娟（实习）　　校对：李旭颖　　审核：龚紫陌。

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